lets / ayo (ajakan informal)

–자 Propositive

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We use this sentence ending to express invitation, persuasion, or solicitation for an action, and -자 is in the intimate politeness form. So make sure you use it only with people with whom you are on intimate terms.

Formation

Whenever we conjugate a verb or a sentence ending to -자, it shows this grammatical structure.

Example Sentences

1. 밥 먹자.
   “Let’s eat.”
2. 영화 보러 가자
   “Let’s go watch a movie.”
3. 놀자!
   “Let’s hang out!”
4. 자자!
   “Let’s sleep!”
5. 만나자!
   “Let’s meet!”
6. 도망가자!
   “Let’s run away!”
7. 공부하자!
   “Let’s study!”
8. 그렇게 하자.
   “Let’s do so.”
9. 집에 가자.
   “Let’s go home.”
10. 잊어버리자.
    “Let’s forget about it.”

Notes

-자 is very intimate language. We use it very commonly in everyday conversation, but you have to be very careful with whom you use this grammar point. You can only use this very casual language with family and close friends.

as soon as / segera setelah

–자마자 as soon as

– 자마 is the grammatical pattern we use to mean “as soon as” in Korean. Just as in English, we usually use this structure along with another verb or clause to complete the sentence. We express the tense through the other part of the sentence, and always attach –자마자 to the verb stem.

Formation

Verb stem + –자마자

1. 하다 (to do) → 하(다) + –자마자 →

   ▶ 하자마자 (as soon as + do)

2. 먹다 (to eat) → 먹(다) + –자마자 →

   ▶ 먹자마자 (as soon as + eat)

Example Sentences

1. 오늘은 집에 가자마자 영화 보러 갈 거야.
   “Today, as soon as I get home, I’ll go watch a movie.”
2. 내일 일 끝나자마자 나한테 연락해.
   “Give me a call as soon as you finish work tomorrow.”
3. 너 가자마자 민수가 왔었어.
   “As soon as you left, Minsu came.”
4. 먹자마자 누우면 소화가 안 돼
   “If you lie down as soon as you eat, you can’t digest.”
5. 보자마자 갑자기 왜 그렇게 화를 내?
   “Why are you getting mad at me so suddenly as soon as you saw me?”

Notes

We often use –자마자 with words such as 바로 (meaning, “right away”), 빨리 (meaning, “quickly”), and 곧 ( meaning, “soon”).

Assumption / asumsi

–잖아 Assumption of Agreement

The final-sentence ending 잖아 is used when the speaker is under the assumption or supposition that the listener knows and agrees with what was just said by the speaker.

This construction comes from the negative sentence ending -지 않아 (ji anha). Because of this, this grammatical construction -잖아 can often translated as “isn’t it?” “don’t you?” (if these questions were rhetorical). It can also be translated as “as you know…”

In this form it is in the intimate politeness level. The standard politeness level can be achieved by suffixing the politeness particle -요 at the end of the construction.

Tense can be expressed by placing the past tense infix (았/었/였) before the verb stem and this construction. Negation can only be expressed by the adverb 안, and not by the negative grammatical construction 지 않다 because this construction is a derivation of that grammatical construction.

Formation

Conjugation of verbs are the same for both descriptive and action verbs.

Verb Stem + -잖아

차갑다 – to be cold

차갑 – verb stem

차갑 + 잖아 = 차갑잖아 – You know it’s cold.

Example Sentences

1.소리가 크잖아.

You know the sound is loud.

2.그 티셔츠는 작잖아.

You know, that t-shirt is small.

3.나는 돈이 많잖아.

You know I have a lot of money.

4.너는 동생이 없잖아.

You know, you don’t have younger siblings.

5.나는 이쁘잖아.

You know I am pretty.

6.김치찌개는 맵잖아.

You know Kimchi jjigae is spicy.

i do it well – saya melakukan nya dengan baik

잘 Well

잘 is an adverb that means “well,” and it is used to describe one’s adequate ability or capability of an action verb. When used in conjunction with the impossibility adverb 못, it describes ones inadequate ability or capability of an action verb.

Formation

1.잘 is an adverb and comes directly before action verbs.

잘 + 동사

well + verb

잘 먹어. – I eat well.

2.When used in conjunction with 하다 verbs that contain nouns, it is placed between the noun and 하다.

명사 + 잘 + 동사

noun + well + verb

농구 잘 해. – I’m good at basketball.

3.When the negative adverb 못 is used, the order is:

잘 + 못 + 동사

well + can’t + verb

농구 잘 못 해. – I’m not good at basketball.

Example Sentences

1.저는 글을 잘 써요.

I write well.

2.민수 씨는 운동을 잘 해요.

Minsoo is good at sports.

3.그림을 잘 그려요.

I draw pictures well.

Notes

Some phrases 잘 is commonly used with

1.잘 갔어? – Did go home well?

2.잘 잤어? – Did you sleep well?

3.잘 지냈어? – Have you been well?

4.잘 모르겠어. – I’m not sure.

Possesive Pronouns

제, 내, 니, 우리, 저희 Possessive Pronouns

We use possessive pronouns to attribute ownership of an object to someone. Like any other pronoun, these replace the nouns. We use different possessive pronouns according to the speaker’s relationship with the listener. Humbling pronouns, neutral pronouns, and intimate pronouns, all indicate the relationship between the listener and the speaker.

possessive pronouns adalah menyatakan kepemilikan seseorang.

Formation

In reality, possessive pronouns are a contraction of pronouns and the possessive particle.

1. 제=저의 -저 + 의

   first person humbling pronoun + possessive particle

   We use 제  to humble oneself in the presence of someone the speaker respects.

2. 내=나의 -나 + 의

   informal first person pronoun + possessive particle

   We use 내 in informal contexts where the speaker feels that 제  is too polite and inappropriate for the relationship with the listener. We use 내  when the speaker does not feel the need to show the highest respect to the listener.

3. 니= 너의  – 너 + 의

   informal second person pronoun + possessive particle

   We use 니  in informal contexts when the speaker feels very comfortable with the listener and the power relationship is at least equal. We commonly use it when the speaker has the upper hand in the relationship.

4. 저희= 저희 + 의 – 저희(의)

   humbling first person plural noun + (possessive particle)

   We actually drop the possessive particle for this possessive pronoun (as we
   do in many cases.) We use this possessive particle in formal situations such
   as when the speaker does not know the listener well, or when the listener holds much of the power in the relationship.

5. 우리= 우리 + 의 – 우리(의)

   intimate first person plural pronoun + (possessive particle)

   We actually drop the possessive particle for this possessive pronoun (as we
   do in many cases.) We use this possessive particle in informal situations when the speaker feels that 저희  is too polite.

Example Sentences

1. 제 친구가 호주에 살아요

   “My friend lives in Australia.”

2. 내 차가 죽었어.

   “My car broke down (died).”

3. 니 연필 줘.

   “Give me your pencil.”

4. 우리 집은 넓어.

   “My home is big.” (neutral/intimate)

5. 저희 집은 좁아요.

   “My home is small.” (polite)